Reading Module 1
Answer questions to demonstrate how well you understand academic and non-academic texts.
Fill in the missing letters in the paragraph.
Early civilizations, including those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China, emerged around river valleys, where fertile land and water resources supported agriculture. developed social , written and technologies, allowed to and cities, networks, and even empires. Just as important were their significant contributions to fields like art, science, and law. These developments were crucial in shaping the course of human history.
Notice
Notice to Residents: Important Water Interruption on September 12
Due to necessary maintenance work on the city's main water supply line, water service will be temporarily interrupted on September 12 from 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM. This work is essential to ensure the long-term reliability of our water infrastructure.
11. When will the water be interrupted?
12. What time will the water interruption begin?
13. Why is the water being interrupted?
The History of Writing Systems
Writing is one of humanity's greatest inventions. Before writing, people could only share information through speech or memory. The earliest writing systems developed independently in different parts of the world.
In Mesopotamia, the Sumerians created cuneiform around 3400 BCE. This system used wedge-shaped marks pressed into clay tablets. Initially, it was used for record-keeping, such as tracking grain and livestock.
In Egypt, hieroglyphics emerged around the same time. These picture-based symbols were carved into stone or written on papyrus. Unlike cuneiform, hieroglyphics were also used for religious and decorative purposes.
14. According to the passage, what was cuneiform primarily used for initially?
15. What does the passage imply about hieroglyphics?
The Effects of Urbanization on Bird Populations
Urbanization has had a profound impact on bird populations worldwide. As cities expand, natural habitats are replaced with buildings, roads, and other infrastructure. This leads to a significant reduction in the availability of nesting sites and food sources for birds.
Some species, such as pigeons and sparrows, have adapted well to urban environments, taking advantage of the new resources and structures. However, many other species struggle to survive in these altered landscapes.
One notable effect of urbanization is the change in bird song. Birds living in cities often sing at higher pitches and volumes than their rural counterparts. This adaptation helps them communicate over the noise of traffic and human activity.
Conservationists are working to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on birds. Initiatives such as creating urban green spaces, constructing bird-friendly buildings, and reducing light pollution are being implemented.
16. The word "mitigate" in the passage is closest in meaning to:
17. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of urbanization on birds?
18. Why does the author mention pigeons and sparrows?
19. What is one initiative mentioned to help birds in urban areas?
20. What can be inferred about artificial lighting in cities?